hiperpotasemie

Hiperpotasemie, also known as hyperkalemia, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Normal potassium levels in the blood typically range from 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Levels above this range are considered hyperkalemia.

The causes of hyperkalemia are varied and can include kidney failure, where the kidneys are unable to excrete excess potassium, or certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Other contributing factors can be adrenal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, and the breakdown of cells in the body, such as during rhabdomyolysis or tumor lysis syndrome.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia can range from mild to severe and may not always be present. When symptoms do occur, they can include muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and tingling sensations. In severe cases, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, such as bradycardia, and even cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis is confirmed through a blood test measuring serum potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess the heart's electrical activity for signs of hyperkalemia. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels and address the underlying cause. This may involve dietary restrictions on potassium-rich foods, medications to shift potassium into cells or increase its excretion, and in severe cases, dialysis. Prompt medical attention is important for managing hyperkalemia to prevent serious complications.