hiperpigmentacja

Hiperpigmentacja refers to the darkening of an area of skin caused by an increase in melanin. Melanin is the natural pigment that gives skin its color. This condition can affect people of all skin types and is generally harmless, although it can be a cosmetic concern for some.

Several factors can contribute to hyperpigmentation. Sun exposure is a primary cause, as the skin produces more melanin to protect itself from UV radiation, leading to sunspots or age spots. Hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy (melasma) or due to birth control pills, can also trigger hyperpigmentation. Inflammation of the skin, often resulting from acne, eczema, or injuries, can also leave behind darkened patches after the initial irritation has healed, a process known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Certain medical conditions and medications can also be underlying causes.

Diagnosing hyperpigmentation usually involves a visual examination by a dermatologist. In some cases, a biopsy might be performed to rule out more serious conditions. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity of the hyperpigmentation. They can include topical creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, or vitamin C, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or laser therapy. Sun protection is crucial for both preventing new hyperpigmentation and managing existing dark spots, as sunlight can worsen the condition.