hiperozmolalitás

Hiperozmolalitás refers to a state where the concentration of solutes in a solution is abnormally high compared to another solution. This difference in osmotic pressure can occur in biological systems, particularly within the bloodstream. When the osmolality of the blood is significantly elevated, it means there is an excess of dissolved substances such as sodium, glucose, or urea. This can draw water out of cells and tissues, leading to dehydration at a cellular level. Several factors can contribute to hiperozmolalitás, including severe dehydration, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, and the ingestion of certain toxins. In clinical settings, it is often measured by calculating the osmolality of the blood serum. Management of hiperozmolalitás typically involves addressing the underlying cause and carefully administering fluids to restore a normal osmotic balance. Rapid correction can be dangerous, so medical supervision is crucial. Symptoms can vary but may include excessive thirst, confusion, weakness, and even seizures in severe cases.