hipernátriémiának

Hipernátriémiának is the Hungarian term for hypernatremia, a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is a crucial electrolyte that plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. When sodium levels in the blood become too high, it can lead to a range of symptoms and complications.

The primary causes of hypernatremia often involve a deficit of free water relative to sodium. This can occur due to insufficient water intake, excessive water loss through the kidneys, skin, or gastrointestinal tract, or a combination of these factors. Common conditions that can lead to hypernatremia include dehydration, diabetes insipidus, excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, and certain kidney disorders. In some cases, it can also be iatrogenic, resulting from the administration of hypertonic saline solutions or sodium bicarbonate.

Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity and rapidity of onset. Mild cases may present with thirst, dry mouth, and fatigue. As sodium levels rise, more severe symptoms can emerge, including confusion, lethargy, muscle twitching, seizures, and even coma. In infants and the elderly, hypernatremia can be particularly dangerous and may manifest as irritability or weakness.

Diagnosis of hypernatremia is made through blood tests that measure serum sodium levels. Treatment focuses on gradually correcting the sodium imbalance by administering free water, either orally or intravenously, while addressing the underlying cause. Rapid correction of severe hypernatremia can be harmful and lead to cerebral edema, so careful monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential.