hidroksiidi

Hidroksiidi is a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl functional group, which consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom. This group is often denoted by the chemical formula OH. In inorganic chemistry, hidroksiidi refers to a compound that contains the OH⁻ anion, known as the hydroxide ion. This ion is a polyatomic anion with a net charge of -1.

Hydroxide ions are commonly found in bases. When dissolved in water, many metal hydroxides dissociate to release hydroxide ions, increasing the pH of the solution. Examples of common metal hydroxides include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). These are strong bases and are widely used in industry and laboratories for various applications such as soap making, cleaning products, and chemical synthesis.

In organic chemistry, the term hidroksiidi can also refer to compounds containing the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom. When the hydroxyl group is attached to a saturated carbon atom, the compound is classified as an alcohol. For instance, methanol (CH₃OH) and ethanol (C₂H₅OH) are simple organic alcohols. If the hydroxyl group is attached to an unsaturated carbon atom (like in a double or triple bond), or to an aromatic ring, the nomenclature and properties can differ, leading to compounds like phenols. The reactivity of the hydroxyl group is significant, allowing it to participate in various chemical reactions.

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