hepariinien

Hepariinien refers to a group of glycosaminoglycans that are naturally found in the body and also synthesized for medicinal purposes. These compounds are crucial anticoagulants, meaning they prevent blood from clotting. In their natural state, heparins are produced by mast cells and basophils and play a role in regulating vascular tone and inflammation.

Medically, heparin is administered to prevent and treat thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It works by binding to antithrombin III, a naturally occurring protein that inhibits clotting factors. This complex then inactivates thrombin and Factor Xa, key components of the coagulation cascade, thereby reducing the formation of fibrin clots.

There are different forms of heparin used in medicine, including unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). UFH is derived directly from animal tissues, typically porcine intestinal mucosa or bovine lung. LMWHs are produced by enzymatic or chemical depolymerization of UFH, resulting in smaller molecules with a more predictable anticoagulant response and a lower risk of certain side effects like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Heparin is administered via injection, either intravenously or subcutaneously. Its use requires careful monitoring of clotting parameters to ensure therapeutic effect while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Heparin can also be used in extracorporeal circuits, such as during dialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass, to prevent clotting within the equipment.