hemolümfina

Hemolümf is the circulatory fluid of many invertebrate animals, corresponding to blood in vertebrates. It's pumped by a simple heart into the body cavities and then returns to the heart through open spaces. In arthropods, it's often colorless or pale yellow, but in some crustaceans, it can be blue due to the presence of hemocyanin, a copper-containing protein that transports oxygen. Unlike vertebrate blood, hemolymph typically lacks specialized oxygen-carrying cells like red blood cells. Its primary functions include transporting nutrients, waste products, hormones, and immune cells throughout the organism. The composition and volume of hemolymph can vary significantly between different invertebrate species. In insects, hemolymph plays a role in maintaining hydrostatic pressure, which is essential for molting and movement. The exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide often occurs through a separate tracheal system in insects and some other arthropods, rather than being primarily transported by the hemolymph. In other invertebrates like mollusks, hemolymph is more involved in gas exchange, especially in aquatic species.