hemiephytes

Hemiepiphytes are plants that begin their life cycle as epiphytes, growing on another plant, but eventually establish roots in the ground. This dual lifestyle involves an initial period of aerial existence followed by a terrestrial phase. Many hemiepiphytes are found in tropical rainforests. Examples include certain species of figs (Ficus), strangler figs being a prominent type. These plants often start as seeds dispersed by birds or bats onto the branches of a host tree. The young hemiepiphyte germinates and grows, using the host for support and obtaining nutrients from rainwater, dust, and debris that collects on its surface. As the hemiepiphyte matures, its roots grow downwards, eventually reaching the soil. Once the roots are anchored in the ground, the plant can absorb water and nutrients directly from the soil, becoming less dependent on its host. In some cases, like with strangler figs, the hemiepiphyte's roots can envelop and eventually kill the host tree, leaving the hemiepiphyte standing on its own, supported by the decaying remains of its former host. This life strategy allows hemiepiphytes to access sunlight in the dense canopy while also benefiting from the rich resources of the forest floor.