hematinic

A hematinic is a substance that increases hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Substances that are considered hematinics often work by providing the necessary components for red blood cell production or by improving the efficiency of hemoglobin synthesis.

The most common deficiency leading to the need for hematinics is iron deficiency anemia. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, and when iron levels are low, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin to transport adequate oxygen. Therefore, iron supplements are a primary form of hematinic therapy. These can be administered orally in various salt forms such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, or ferrous fumarate, or intravenously for more severe cases or when oral absorption is impaired.

Other substances can also act as hematinics. Vitamin B12 and folic acid (vitamin B9) are essential for DNA synthesis, which is required for the production of red blood cells. Deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to megaloblastic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are abnormally large and fewer in number. Therefore, vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements are also classified as hematinics.

Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. While not typically taken as a supplement, it is used therapeutically to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease and certain other conditions. Copper is another trace element that plays a role in iron metabolism and hemoglobin formation, though copper deficiency leading to anemia is rare.

Hematinics are prescribed by healthcare professionals to address specific types of anemia. It is important to consult a doctor to determine the cause of anemia and the appropriate treatment, as self-medication with hematinics can mask underlying conditions or lead to adverse effects.