hearken

Hearken is a verb meaning to listen attentively or give heed. In modern English it is largely archaic or literary, but it persists in religious, biblical, and poetic contexts, and it appears in formal or ceremonial language. The typical construction is to hearken to or hearken unto something, implying attentive consideration rather than casual hearing. The word can be used as an imperative, especially in older texts: “Hearken, ye people,” or “Hearken unto my words.”

Etymology: The term derives from Old English and related Germanic roots; it is cognate with the modern verb hear, and the Middle English form appeared as hearken or hearken. Its form has varied slightly over time, contributing to the modern variants found in historical and literary usages.

Usage: In contemporary prose, hearken signals an archaic or solemn tone and is rarely used in ordinary dialogue, except for stylistic or authorial effect. It is closely associated with phrases that invite careful attention, such as “hearken unto these words” or “hearken to wise counsel.” Related forms include harken as an alternative spelling and the related verb hark, which carries a similar sense but with its own historical nuances.

See also: hear, hark, listen.