headshells

A headshell is a detachable component at the end of a turntable's tonearm that holds the phono cartridge and provides the electrical connection to the tonearm wiring. By swapping headshells, users can change the overall mass attached to the tonearm and tailor compatibility with different cartridges. Headshells are typically made from aluminum or other light metals, sometimes in acrylic or composite materials, and may include finger grips or finishes for handling.

Construction and mounting: A cartridge is attached to the headshell with two screws using a standard mounting pattern, commonly about 12.7 mm (1/2 inch) apart. The headshell carries the four conductors from the tonearm to the cartridge via quick-connect terminals or soldered leads, enabling left and right channel signals and grounds. The headshell then mounts to the tonearm with a screw or bayonet clamp, allowing easy removal for maintenance or cartridge changing.

Compatibility and use: Most modern tonearms designed for removable headshells use the 1/2 inch cartridge mounting standard, which makes a wide range of moving magnet and moving coil cartridges interchangeable. Swapping headshells allows mass adjustment to suit cartridge compliance and can simplify alignment when experimenting with different cartridges. Some rare or vintage arms use alternative mounting schemes.

Performance considerations: The combined mass of the headshell and cartridge affects the tonearm's effective mass and can influence resonance with the cartridge's compliance. Heavier headshells raise the resonance frequency and may be better for low-compliance cartridges, while lighter headshells suit high-compliance designs. When changing headshells, re-check tracking force, anti-skating, and cartridge alignment using a protractor to maintain correct geometry.

Maintenance and care: Keep headshell contacts clean and free of oxidation, ensure screws are tight but not overtightened, and verify the wiring order matches the tonearm's lead color code. Regular inspection helps prevent channel imbalance or distortion.