haversacks

The haversack is a small shoulder or cross-body bag used to carry personal gear and, historically, soldiers’ rations. The etymology is uncertain, but the term appears in English in the 18th century and has been used by many armies since then.

Typically rectangular with a single main compartment and a flap or drawstring, haversacks are made from canvas, leather, or nylon. They are worn over one shoulder or across the chest on a strap, and are designed for ready access while marching. External pockets and closures vary by era. A haversack was commonly paired with a mess kit, a canteen, and other items in a soldier’s kit.

Historically issued as part of infantry field equipment, the haversack carried daily rations such as bread, biscuits, or dried meat, along with cooking gear and spare clothing. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, designs diversified with different nations’ webbing systems; in many armies it complemented but did not replace the larger backpack or rucksack. In modern times, the term is sometimes used for small daypacks in reenactment or educational contexts.

Outside the military, haversacks are used by hikers and campers for lightweight day gear and meals, and may be marketed as lunch bags or small shoulder packs. Modern versions emphasize durability and weather resistance, using synthetic fabrics and simple closures.

Today the haversack remains a recognizable symbol of infantry equipment and a functional, compact bag for portable gear in civilian outdoor use.