hardmaterials
Hardmaterials refers to materials exhibiting exceptionally high resistance to permanent deformation and scratching, typically assessed by hardness tests such as Vickers, Knoop, or Rockwell. In industry, materials with high hardness are prized for wear resistance, cutting performance, and longevity in abrasive environments.
Diamond is the most well-known hard material, with a Vickers hardness commonly cited around 60 to 100
Hard materials often have high elastic moduli and can retain hardness at elevated temperatures, but many are
Manufacture and processing vary: natural diamond occurs in geology, while synthetics are produced by high-pressure high-temperature
Applications include cutting and forming tools, grinding wheels, wear-resistant coatings, and protective armor. Hard materials also