haplology

Haplology is a phonological process in which a syllable is omitted from a sequence of two similar or identical syllables, resulting in a simpler pronunciation. The deletion typically occurs when two adjacent syllables share a common vowel or consonant structure, making one of them redundant in rapid speech or in historical sound change.

The phenomenon can arise in both spoken language and through diachronic change, often affecting unstressed or less prominent syllables. It is observed across languages and can influence the evolution of words, loanwords, and proper names. Haplology is distinguished from general elision or syncope by its typical connection to repetitive or highly similar syllabic material; the omitted segment usually lies between two comparable syllables.

A commonly cited example in English is the pronunciation of February, where many speakers say Febuary, effectively dropping the middle syllable. This reduction is described as haplology in linguistic discussions. Other languages and dialects exhibit haplology in historical forms or in everyday speech, contributing to alternative pronunciations or spellings that reflect underlying simplification.

Etymology and relation to other concepts: the term haplology comes from the Greek haplous meaning simple or single, combined with the -logy suffix meaning study or science. Haplology is related to but distinct from elision, syncope, and other forms of syllable reduction, which may operate under different conditions or targets.

See also: elision, syncope, dissimilation, phonological reduction.