handfelling

Handfelling is a term used in forestry and arboriculture to describe the process of felling a tree using hand tools, primarily an axe and a saw. This method is in contrast to felling with a chainsaw or other mechanized equipment. Historically, handfelling was the primary method of tree removal. It requires skill and knowledge of tree anatomy and felling techniques to ensure the tree falls in a controlled direction, minimizing damage to surrounding trees and property.

The process typically involves making a notch on the side of the tree facing the desired fall direction, known as the undercut or face cut. This notch is usually a wedge-shaped opening. Opposite the undercut, a back cut is made, slightly higher than the undercut, which severs most of the remaining wood. A hinge of uncut wood is left between the undercut and the back cut to control the direction of the fall. Wedges are often hammered into the back cut to help guide the tree's descent and prevent the saw from binding.

Handfelling is still practiced today, particularly in situations where using a chainsaw is impractical or dangerous due to terrain, proximity to structures, or the presence of other sensitive vegetation. It is also favored by some for its quiet operation and minimal environmental impact compared to motorized equipment. However, it is a labor-intensive method and requires significant physical effort and expertise. The choice between handfelling and mechanized felling depends on factors such as the size and location of the tree, available resources, and safety considerations.