handbell

Handbells are a family of tuned percussion instruments designed to be rung by hand. Each handbell is a metal bell fitted with a handle, typically made of wood or plastic, and calibrated to a specific pitch. The instrument is usually played by swinging or tipping the bell so that an internal clapper sounds clearly. Because the bells are individually pitched, a group of players can perform melodies and harmonies by coordinating their ringing.

Handbell sets are sold in various sizes, commonly spanning two to four octaves, and may include 25 to 37 bells in a mid-range ensemble. In a school, church, or community setting, players organize into a handbell choir (or ringing choir) with each ringer responsible for one or more bells. Repertoire ranges from liturgical and classical works to arrangements of popular songs. Ensembles emphasize precise timing, dynamic control, and clean transitions between bells to avoid unwanted sounds.

Most bells are brass or alloy with a protective lacquer or finish; handles are wood, plastic, or composite. Regular cleaning, proper storage in padded cases, and avoiding moisture help preserve tone. Musicians who use bells for practice often rely on a note chart to assign notes and maintain the ringing order.