halqa

Halqa is a term used in Urdu, Hindi, and other South Asian languages that derives from the Arabic ḥalqa, meaning circle or ring. In its basic sense, halqa denotes a circular gathering, group, or surrounding formation, and it can refer to a physical circle as well as a social or organizational circle.

In literary and cultural usage, halqa often refers to a gathering of writers, poets, or artists who meet to recite, read, critique, and discuss each other’s work. These poetry and literary circles are known as halqa or halqa-e-shairi/halqa-e-adab and have a long association with the Urdu literary tradition. They serve as forums for shared critique, learning, and cultural exchange and continue in various forms in modern cultural events, campuses, and literary salons.

In religious and educational contexts, halqa denotes a study or teaching circle held in mosques or madrasas. Participants may gather for recitation, memorization of texts, or discussions on religious topics, often seated in a circle around a teacher or scholar. The format emphasizes communal learning and participation.

In contemporary political language, halqa is used to describe a local electoral district or constituency, particularly in Pakistan and surrounding regions. As a geographic or administrative term, it marks a designated area used for organizing elections and political activity at the local level.

Across its uses, halqa retains the core idea of a circle or group bound by shared purpose, whether literary, religious, cultural, or political.