haljastuse

Haljastus is the Estonian term for landscaping, the practice of planning, designing, installing, and maintaining outdoor spaces to meet functional, aesthetic, and ecological goals. It covers gardens, parks, campuses, streetscapes, and private lands. The field blends elements of landscape architecture, horticulture, urban design, and environmental planning, focusing on the arrangement of plants, materials, and features such as paths, walls, water elements, lighting, and drainage.

The design process typically starts with a site analysis, client goals, and constraints, followed by concept development, planting design, and the creation of construction documents. Deliverables may include site plans, planting plans, construction drawings, and maintenance guides. Professionals involved are landscape architects, landscape designers, and horticulturists, who work with contractors and authorities to ensure safety, accessibility, and code compliance.

Sustainability is a central concern in haljastus, emphasizing native or drought-tolerant species, soil health, water management, and low-energy lighting. Maintenance planning, irrigation strategies, and adaptive reuse of landscapes contribute to long-term resilience. Regulations governing haljastus vary by country and municipality, influencing permit requirements, zoning, and environmental protections.

Overall, haljastus aims to create functional, attractive outdoor spaces that integrate with their surroundings, support biodiversity, and provide benefits for people and communities.