habituované

Habituované refers to a process in psychology and ethology where an organism becomes accustomed to a stimulus through repeated exposure. This habituation leads to a diminished response to that stimulus over time. Initially, a novel or arousing stimulus might elicit a strong reaction, such as a startle response or increased attention. However, with consistent and repeated presentation of the same stimulus without any significant consequence, the organism learns to ignore it.

This learned behavior is a fundamental form of non-associative learning. It is distinct from classical conditioning, where learning involves associating two stimuli, or operant conditioning, which involves associating a behavior with a consequence. Habituated responses are characterized by a decrease in the intensity, duration, or frequency of the behavioral reaction. For instance, a person living near a train track might initially be disturbed by the sound of passing trains but eventually habituate to the noise and no longer notice it.

Habituation is adaptive as it allows organisms to conserve energy and attention by filtering out irrelevant or non-threatening stimuli from their environment. This frees up cognitive resources to focus on more important or novel events. The process is stimulus-specific; habituation to one stimulus does not necessarily transfer to another, even if it is similar. Conversely, if the stimulus changes slightly or reappears after a long absence, the habituated response may diminish, a phenomenon known as dishabituation.