gömbhullámok

Gömbhullámok, often translated as spherical waves, are a fundamental concept in physics, particularly in wave phenomena. A spherical wave is a wave that propagates outward from a point source in all directions with equal amplitude in the absence of attenuation. Imagine dropping a pebble into a still pond; the ripples that spread out are a close approximation of spherical waves, though in two dimensions. In three dimensions, the wavefronts of a spherical wave are concentric spheres.

The intensity of a spherical wave decreases with the square of the distance from the source. This is a consequence of the conservation of energy; as the wave expands, its energy is spread over an ever-larger surface area. Mathematically, the amplitude of a spherical wave is inversely proportional to the distance from the source, while its intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This inverse square law is a characteristic feature of spherical wave propagation.

Spherical waves are important in various fields, including acoustics, electromagnetism, and seismology. For example, sound waves emanating from a small speaker can be modeled as spherical waves at a distance. Similarly, electromagnetic radiation from a point-like antenna exhibits spherical wave characteristics. Understanding spherical waves is crucial for analyzing how energy propagates through space from localized sources.