gruppetrykk

Gruppetrykk refers to the phenomenon where individuals within a group exhibit different behaviors or performance levels compared to when they are alone. This can manifest in various ways, such as increased motivation and effort when working towards a common goal, or conversely, a reduction in individual effort due to diffusion of responsibility. The concept is closely related to social facilitation and social loafing.

Social facilitation suggests that the presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, while hindering performance on complex or novel tasks. This is often attributed to increased arousal or evaluation apprehension. In contrast, social loafing describes a tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively compared to working individually. This is often explained by a decreased sense of personal accountability and the belief that their contribution is less critical to the overall outcome.

Factors influencing gruppetrykk include group size, task complexity, group cohesiveness, and individual differences in personality, such as a person's propensity for social comparison or their identification with the group. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in fields like organizational psychology, sports psychology, and education, where group work is common. Strategies to mitigate negative effects and enhance positive outcomes often involve clear individual responsibilities, performance feedback, and fostering a sense of shared purpose and accountability.