graftstransplants

Graftstransplants is a term used to refer collectively to grafts and transplants across medical and horticultural contexts. In medicine, a graft is tissue transferred within the same individual (autograft) or between individuals of the same species (allograft) or even between species (xenograft). Transplants typically refer to replacing an organ or large structure with donor tissue from another person, often requiring immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Common examples include kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplants, as well as skin, bone, cartilage, and corneal grafts. Rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes donor antigens; management includes immunosuppressive drugs, careful matching of HLA antigens, and, in some cases, bone marrow transplantation, which can carry risks such as graft-versus-host disease.

In plants, grafting is a form of vegetative propagation in which tissue from a scion is joined with a rootstock to grow as a single plant. The graft union must establish vascular connection for nutrient and water transport. Practical methods include whip-and-tongue, cleft graft, and bark grafting, with purposes ranging from combining traits (fruit quality, disease resistance) to enabling propagation of otherwise incompatible species. Successful grafts require compatible cambial tissues and appropriate climatic and cultural conditions.

The term graftstransplants is not widely used in current literature; more precise terms are preferred depending on medical or botanical context. See transplantation medicine and plant grafting for detailed discussions.