grafismos

Grafismos is a term used across fields to denote the graphic representation of signs and language. In linguistics, it refers to the signs and marks that constitute a writing system, including graphemes, punctuation, diacritics, ligatures, and other typographic conventions. The study of grafismos concerns the inventory, structure, and use of these signs, often referred to in English as graphemics. In Portuguese usage, grafismo can also describe the expressive form of handwriting and the stylistic traits of written characters.

In archaeology and art history, grafismos designate symbolic marks and motifs carved, painted, or impressed on artifacts, pottery, or rock surfaces. These signs may encode information, convey ritual or social meaning, or signal cultural identity. Analyses typically examine motifs, production techniques, contexts, and comparative dating, with meanings inferred from cross-cultural or cross-context associations.

In design and visual communication, grafismos refer to the graphic shapes and systems that constitute a design language. This includes logos, icons, typography, and decorative elements that contribute to legibility, aesthetics, and cultural resonance. The term highlights the visual form and expressive potential of signs beyond their linguistic function, linking graphic form to communication goals.

Overall, grafismos covers the visual and symbolic signs used to convey information or meaning across writing, material culture, and design, reflecting both functional and cultural dimensions of signs.