grafenových

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is an allotrope of carbon, similar to graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Graphene is known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Its discovery in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.

The unique properties of graphene stem from its two-dimensional structure. Electrons in graphene behave as massless Dirac fermions, allowing them to travel at very high speeds. This leads to its remarkable electrical conductivity, making it a potential candidate for next-generation electronics. Graphene is also incredibly strong, with a tensile strength significantly higher than steel, while being remarkably lightweight. Its thermal conductivity is also among the highest known materials.

Potential applications for graphene are vast and span numerous industries. In electronics, it could revolutionize transistors, displays, and sensors. In materials science, it can be used to create stronger, lighter composites for aerospace and automotive applications. Other promising areas include energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), water purification, and biomedical devices. Research and development in graphene are ongoing, with efforts focused on scalable and cost-effective production methods and overcoming challenges in integration into existing technologies.