goniométer

A goniometer is an instrument used for measuring angles. The term originates from the Greek words gonia, meaning angle, and metron, meaning measure. Goniometers are employed in a variety of fields, including medicine, physics, engineering, and surveying.

In medicine, goniometers are often used to measure the range of motion of joints in the body. This is important for assessing injuries, monitoring rehabilitation progress, and diagnosing certain conditions. Different types of goniometers exist for specific joints, such as finger goniometers or universal goniometers for larger joints.

In physics and engineering, goniometers can be used to measure angles of incidence, reflection, or refraction of light or other waves. They are also used in crystallography to measure the angles between crystal faces. Surveyors utilize goniometers, often integrated into theodolites or total stations, to measure horizontal and vertical angles for mapping and construction purposes.

The design of goniometers varies depending on their application. Some are simple protractor-like devices with a movable arm, while others are more complex electronic instruments with digital readouts. Regardless of their form, the fundamental purpose of a goniometer remains the precise measurement of angular relationships.