gobletcellerna

Gobletcellerna (goblet cells) are mucus-secreting unicellular glands embedded in the epithelium of mucous membranes, most notably in the respiratory and digestive tracts. They are typically wine-glass shaped, with a narrow basal nucleus and a large apical region full of mucin-containing granules. They are interspersed among absorptive or ciliated cells in simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelium.

Location and morphology: In the small intestine and colon, goblet cells are abundant within the intestinal epithelium, contributing to the mucus layer that coats the mucosa. In the respiratory tract, they line the trachea and bronchi, where they contribute to the mucus produced by the mucociliary apparatus. They do not form ducts but release mucus directly into the lumen by exocytosis.

Function and secretion: Goblet cells synthesize and secrete mucins, high-myst glycoproteins that hydrate to form mucus. In the intestine, mucins such as MUC2 contribute to a protective gel that lubricates and shields the epithelium and hosts a barrier against pathogens. In the airways, MUC5AC and MUC5B are prominent, contributing to mucus viscosity and mucociliary clearance.

Development and regulation: Goblet cells originate from local progenitor cells in their respective epithelia. Their numbers can increase in response to chronic irritation or inflammation, a condition known as goblet cell hyperplasia, which is common in smokers and in various inflammatory airway diseases.

Clinical relevance: Alterations in goblet cell abundance or mucin composition are linked to respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, as well as certain inflammatory bowel conditions, where mucus production and properties influence disease progression.