gluteaalnärv

The gluteal nerves are a group of nerves that originate in the sacral plexus and innervate the muscles of the buttock and hip. There are typically two main gluteal nerves: the superior gluteal nerve and the inferior gluteal nerve. The superior gluteal nerve arises from the posterior divisions of the L4, L5, and S1 spinal nerves. It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis muscle, and supplies the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae muscles. These muscles are crucial for hip abduction and stabilization, particularly during gait. Damage to the superior gluteal nerve can lead to a characteristic waddling gait, also known as Trendelenburg gait, where the hip drops on the unsupported side when the contralateral leg is lifted.

The inferior gluteal nerve originates from the posterior divisions of the L5, S1, and S2 spinal nerves. It also exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, but inferior to the piriformis muscle. This nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the gluteus maximus muscle, which is the largest muscle in the body and is responsible for hip extension. The gluteus maximus plays a significant role in activities such as standing up from a seated position, climbing stairs, and maintaining an erect posture. Injury to the inferior gluteal nerve can impair the ability to extend the hip, making these movements difficult. Both gluteal nerves are essential for the complex movements and stability of the hip and lower limb.