gluta

Gluta is a common shorthand for glutathione, a small tripeptide antioxidant found in nearly all cells. While not a formal scientific term, gluta is used in consumer health contexts and in some regions to refer to glutathione, often in discussions of dietary supplements or skin-care products. Gluta can denote the reduced form (GSH) or, more broadly, glutathione in general.

Glutathione is composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It exists primarily in the reduced form, GSH, with a smaller pool in the oxidized form, GSSG. Inside cells, glutathione is produced through a two-step enzymatic process: first by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase forming gamma-glutamylcysteine, then by glutathione synthetase adding glycine. Regeneration of GSH from GSSG is catalyzed by glutathione reductase using NADPH.

Biological roles of glutathione are wide-ranging. It participates in detoxification by conjugating with electrophilic compounds via glutathione S-transferases, helping to neutralize reactive oxygen species and maintain cellular redox balance, and supporting immune and metabolic functions. Glutathione also helps regenerate other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, and protects cellular components from oxidative damage. It is found in many foods in small amounts and is synthesized endogenously in the body.

As a supplement or therapeutic agent, glutathione is marketed for antioxidant support and, in some contexts, for skin-lightening claims. Oral bioavailability is variable, and evidence for clinically meaningful benefits is mixed; intravenous administration is used in specific medical settings but is not universally recommended. Regulations and safety profiles vary by country, and long-term efficacy for cosmetic claims remains uncertain.