glomerulonefritisz

Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys that remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. This inflammation can lead to reduced kidney function over time. The condition is often caused by immune system abnormalities that attack the glomeruli, leading to damage and scarring. Glomerulonephritis can be acute, with symptoms appearing suddenly and lasting for a short period, or chronic, with symptoms developing gradually and persisting for a long time.

Symptoms of glomerulonephritis may include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), edema (swelling), high blood pressure, and fatigue. The severity of symptoms can vary widely depending on the type and stage of the disease. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, urine tests, blood tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan.

Treatment for glomerulonephritis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the disease. It may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce inflammation, or suppress the immune system. In some cases, a kidney transplant may be necessary if kidney function is severely compromised. Lifestyle modifications such as a low-sodium diet and regular exercise can also help manage the condition.

Glomerulonephritis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections (such as streptococcal infections), autoimmune disorders (such as lupus), and certain medications. The most common types of glomerulonephritis include poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term kidney damage and complications.