glenoidiikalvon

The glenoidiikalvon refers to the fibrous capsule that surrounds the glenohumeral joint, commonly described as the shoulder joint capsule. It is a loose, thin envelope that encloses the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula, allowing a wide range of motion while providing stability. The capsule attaches at the rim of the glenoid cavity and blends with the anatomical neck of the humerus, forming a synovial-lined sac that extends into an inferior recess known as the axillary pouch.

The outer fibrous layer of the capsule is reinforced by several ligaments. Anteriorly, the middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments, along with the superior glenohumeral ligament, contribute to stability, particularly in various arm positions. The coracohumeral ligament also blends with the capsule near its superior aspect. Posteriorly, the capsule is reinforced by its own thickening and by surrounding rotator cuff tendons, which provide dynamic stability during movement. The synovial membrane lines the interior of the capsule and produces synovial fluid that lubricates the joint.

Functionally, the glenoidiikalvon allows extensive mobility of the shoulder while resisting dislocation and excessive movement. It works in concert with the glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, and other shoulder structures to maintain contact between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa during activity.

Clinical notes mention that the capsule can be involved in injuries such as dislocations, capsular laxity, and adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), where the synovial lining or ligaments may thicken or contract, reducing mobility and causing pain.