geranium

Geranium is a common name for plants in the family Geraniaceae, most often used to refer to Pelargonium species, which are widely grown as ornamental flowering plants. True geraniums belong to the genus Geranium and are cultivated as hardy perennials; in everyday gardening, both groups are typically called geraniums.

Pelargoniums are native to southern Africa and nearby regions, with many cultivars developed for garden beds, borders, and containers worldwide. They are usually shrubs or herbaceous perennials with palmately lobed or rounded leaves. Pelargoniums produce showy five-petaled flowers in colors ranging from white to pink, red, and purple, often blooming for much of the growing season in favorable conditions. Scented-leaf varieties are grown for their aromatic foliage.

Growing conditions favor sunny sites and well-drained soil; they do not like waterlogged conditions. They are moderately drought-tolerant and benefit from regular deadheading to encourage continuous flowering. In temperate regions pelargoniums are grown as annuals or container plants, while in frost-free areas they persist as perennials. Propagation is commonly by stem cuttings, which helps maintain uniform cultivars; true geraniums are often propagated by seed or division.

Pests and diseases include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites, as well as powdery mildew and botrytis in damp weather. All parts of the plants can be mildly toxic if ingested by some animals, and sensitive people may experience skin irritation from certain leaf textures.

Uses: geraniums are widely used in gardens, window boxes, and landscapes for color, texture, and versatility; numerous cultivars exist for different climates and styles.