geotekstíliák

Geotextíliák, often referred to as geotextiles, are permeable fabrics made from synthetic fibers. They are used in civil engineering and construction projects to improve the performance of soil and rock. Their primary functions include separation, filtration, reinforcement, drainage, and protection.

Separation is a key role, preventing the mixing of different soil layers. This is crucial in applications like road construction, where it prevents the sub-base from becoming contaminated by finer soil particles from the subgrade, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the road. Filtration allows water to pass through while retaining soil particles, preventing clogging and erosion. This is vital in drainage systems and for protecting retaining walls.

Reinforcement involves adding tensile strength to soil masses. Geotextiles can be incorporated into embankments, slopes, and foundations to increase their stability and load-bearing capacity. Drainage is facilitated by their permeable nature, allowing water to flow through the soil mass and be collected, which helps to reduce pore water pressure and improve soil stability. Finally, protection involves using geotextiles to shield underlying layers, such as geomembranes, from puncture or abrasion during installation or operation.

The materials used for geotextiles are typically polypropylene or polyester, woven or non-woven. Woven geotextiles are strong and have high tensile strength, while non-woven geotextiles are more flexible and conformable, offering excellent filtration properties. The selection of the appropriate geotextile depends on the specific application and the required performance characteristics. Geotextiles are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for many geotechnical challenges.