gemcitabina

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. It is administered intravenously and works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, ultimately resulting in cell death.

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is similar in structure to deoxycytidine, a nucleotide involved in DNA synthesis. It is incorporated into the DNA of cancer cells, thereby disrupting the cell's ability to synthesize DNA and triggering programmed cell death. This mechanism of action is known as apoptosis.

Gemcitabine is typically used in combination with other chemotherapies or as a monotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. It has demonstrated improved survival rates and quality of life compared to other treatments for this type of cancer.

Side effects of gemcitabine are common and may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anemia. Less common side effects include fever, chills, and changes in blood count. Gemcitabine is contraindicated in pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as in patients with severe bone marrow suppression.

Gemcitabine has been associated with several serious gastrointestinal side effects, including acute inflammation of the pancreas, and may cause an impairment in liver function. Therefore, it is essential to monitor liver function and adjust dosage accordingly.

Gemcitabine was first approved by the US FDA in 1996 and has since undergone product revisions and labeling updates. The medication is marketed under several brand names worldwide, including Gemzar and NuLA. With additional clinical trials and research ongoing, gemcitabine continues to emerge as a critical treatment option for various cancer types.