galaktorrea

Galactorrhea is the term used to describe the spontaneous flow of milk or a milky discharge from the nipple that is not related to pregnancy or the postpartum period. This condition can occur in both women and men, although it is more common in women. The discharge can range in color from milky white to yellowish or greenish, and it may be unilateral or bilateral.

The most common cause of galactorrhea is an elevation in prolactin levels in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for stimulating milk production. High prolactin levels can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications (such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and some antihypertensives), pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, and excessive stimulation of the nipples. Stress and certain medical conditions can also contribute to elevated prolactin.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure prolactin levels and rule out other hormonal imbalances. If a pituitary tumor is suspected, imaging studies like an MRI may be performed. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If a medication is responsible, switching to an alternative may resolve the issue. For prolactinomas, medications to lower prolactin or surgery may be considered. Addressing other underlying medical conditions like hypothyroidism is also crucial. In many cases, galactorrhea is benign and resolves with appropriate management.