fütohormoonid

Fütohormoonid, also known as plant hormones, are chemical compounds produced by plants that regulate growth and development. They are naturally occurring substances that influence various physiological processes within the plant, acting at very low concentrations. Unlike animal hormones, which are produced in specific glands, fütohormoonid are synthesized in different parts of the plant, including roots, stems, leaves, and developing seeds.

The five major classes of fütohormoonid are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene. Auxins are primarily involved in cell elongation, root formation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay senescence. Abscisic acid plays a role in stress responses, such as drought tolerance, and induces dormancy. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that primarily promotes fruit ripening and senescence.

Fütohormoonid work in concert with each other, often with antagonistic or synergistic effects, to control the complex developmental pathways of a plant. They respond to environmental cues and internal signals, allowing plants to adapt to their surroundings. Understanding the roles of these hormones is crucial for agricultural applications, such as improving crop yields, enhancing stress resistance, and controlling plant development in commercial settings. Researchers continue to explore the intricate mechanisms of fütohormoonid action and their potential applications in plant science and biotechnology.