fönster

Fönster is the Swedish word for the window, an architectural element that forms an opening in a wall to admit light, fresh air, and views. A window typically consists of a frame (karm) with one or more glazing panes, and may include movable sashes, hinges, or mechanisms to open and close.

Common configurations include casement (hinged to swing outward or inward); sliding sash; double-hung; tilt-and-turn; and fixed lights. Roof windows (takfönster) and skylights bring light from above, while basement or garden-facing windows may differ in construction.

Materials vary: timber, wood-aluminium composites, uPVC (PVC), and metal. Modern windows often use multiple glazing panes separated by a spacer to form double or triple glazing; low-emissivity coatings reduce heat transfer.

Performance: windows provide insulation, sound reduction, and weather sealing. Energy efficiency is expressed by U-values and g-values; national standards define minimum requirements; many homes use triple glazing or gas-filled spaces in cold climates.

Maintenance and safety: regular painting or sealing for timber frames; weatherstripping; safety glass (tempered or laminated) in risky locations; and child-safety considerations. Accessibility features may include easy-grip handles and adjustable hinges.

Today, windows have evolved into highly engineered components that influence energy use, daylight, and comfort in homes and buildings.