fölény

Fölény is a Hungarian noun meaning the state or quality of having a greater amount of power, influence, or advantage than others. It describes a persistent asymmetry in resources or authority that can shape outcomes in a given setting. The term is used in politics, economics, sports, and social life, and is often combined with phrases such as fölényes helyzet (dominant position) or fölényes erő (dominant power).

Etymology: The word is formed from the prefix föl- meaning over or above and the suffix -ény, which marks a state or condition. The related adjective fölényes denotes superior or dominant.

Contexts: In politics, a party or coalition may hold a political fölény, enabling it to advance its agenda with limited opposition. In economics, fölényes piaci erő describes a company with substantial market power relative to rivals; such power is often subject to regulatory scrutiny to prevent abuse. In international relations, military or strategic superiority may be referred to as fölény, while in everyday speech individuals or groups may claim social or cultural fölény in terms of status or influence.

Risks and implications: Dominance can reduce competition, limit choice, and weaken bargaining positions for others. It can also promote stability and efficiency in some contexts. Most legal and regulatory frameworks aim to prevent the abuse of a dominant position and to preserve fair opportunities for competitors, consumers, and citizens.