fundição

Fundição is a manufacturing process by which a molten material, typically metal, is poured into a mold containing a desired shape and then allowed to cool and solidify. The solidified part is known as a casting. This technique is one of the oldest known metalworking methods, with evidence dating back to ancient Mesopotamia. Fundição is used to create a wide variety of objects, from intricate jewelry to massive industrial components.

The process begins with creating a mold. This can be made from various materials, including sand, plaster, metal, or even ceramic. The mold cavity is designed to match the final shape of the desired casting. Next, the chosen material, most commonly metal alloys like iron, aluminum, or bronze, is heated until it melts. Once in a liquid state, the molten material is carefully poured or injected into the mold cavity. As the material cools and solidifies within the mold, it takes on the mold's shape. After sufficient cooling, the mold is opened, and the casting is removed. Finishing processes, such as removing excess material (sprues and gates) and surface treatment, may be applied to the casting.

Fundição offers significant advantages, including the ability to produce complex shapes that might be difficult or impossible to achieve through other methods like machining. It is also efficient for mass production and can be cost-effective for certain types of parts. However, it can sometimes result in surface imperfections or internal defects that may require further work. Different types of fundição exist, each suited for specific applications, materials, and desired levels of precision.