fullcontainerload

Full container load (FCL) is a shipping arrangement in which a single consignor has exclusive use of an entire shipping container for a cargo shipment. The cargo may fill the container to capacity or occupy a suitable portion when the shipper pays for exclusive use. At origin, the shipper loads the container, which is then sealed and handed to the carrier, and remains sealed until it reaches the destination port or delivery point. Because the container is not opened by other shippers en route, FCL generally offers improved protection against damage and theft, simpler handling, and potentially faster transit times.

FCL is commonly contrasted with less-than-container-load (LCL), where multiple shippers share container space. LCL requires consolidation and de-consolidation, more container handling, and can incur additional charges and risk of delay or damage. FCL is typically more cost-effective for larger shipments that fill or nearly fill a container, and it reduces risk and handling.

Container sizes used for FCL include 20-foot and 40-foot units, with 40-foot high-cube containers common for bulky goods. The final cost for FCL includes ocean freight for the container, terminal handling charges, and any drayage or inland transport, as well as import duties and customs clearance.

In practice, manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers use FCL when shipment volumes justify exclusive container use, enabling direct consignee delivery with simpler logistics and tighter control over cargo security and timing.