fueltechnology

Fuel technology encompasses the processes, systems, and materials used to obtain, process, store, distribute, and convert fuels into usable energy. It covers conventional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as alternative energy carriers like biofuels, hydrogen, and synthetic fuels. Central to fuel technology are the technologies that convert chemical energy in fuels into mechanical work or electricity, including internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Production and processing within fuel technology includes refining crude oil into gasoline, diesel, and other products; processing natural gas for pipeline use; producing hydrogen by electrolysis or steam methane reforming; and generating biofuels from biomass through fermentation or transesterification. Synthetic fuels can be produced from carbon dioxide and renewable electricity via pathways such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis or power-to-liquid processes.

Storage, handling, and infrastructure are also key areas. This involves designing safe storage tanks for liquids and gases, maintaining pipelines and fueling stations, and managing liquefied natural gas and compressed gas logistics. Safety standards, leak detection, and environmental controls are integral to the practical deployment of fuel technologies.

Conversion technologies and performance characteristics vary by fuel. Internal combustion engines and gas turbines are tuned to specific fuels, while fuel cells offer high electrical efficiency with clear emissions advantages. Advances in catalysts, emissions aftertreatment, and system integration influence overall efficiency and carbon intensity.

Trends in fuel technology are shaped by decarbonization goals, energy security, and supply chain resilience, promoting low-carbon and synthetic fuels, as well as complementary technologies like electrification and energy storage.