fruktózmalabszorpcióból

Fruktózmalabszorpció, often referred to as fructose malabsorption, is a digestive disorder characterized by the impaired absorption of fructose in the small intestine. Fructose is a natural sugar found in many fruits, honey, and is also used as a sweetener in processed foods. When fructose is not absorbed properly, it passes into the large intestine where it is fermented by bacteria. This fermentation process leads to the production of gases and can draw water into the bowel, resulting in a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Common symptoms associated with fructose malabsorption include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, excessive gas (flatulence), and sometimes constipation. The severity of these symptoms can vary greatly from person to person and may depend on the amount of fructose consumed. Nausea and cramping can also occur. These symptoms typically manifest a few hours after consuming foods high in fructose.

The underlying cause of fructose malabsorption is believed to be a defect in the transporter proteins (GLUT5) responsible for moving fructose from the intestinal lumen into the cells of the intestinal lining. While the exact reasons for this defect are not fully understood, genetics may play a role. It's important to distinguish fructose malabsorption from hereditary fructose intolerance, a much rarer and more severe genetic disorder that affects fructose metabolism.

Diagnosis of fructose malabsorption is typically made through a hydrogen breath test. This test involves consuming a solution containing fructose and then measuring the amount of hydrogen gas exhaled by the individual at regular intervals. Elevated levels of hydrogen indicate bacterial fermentation in the large intestine, suggestive of malabsorption. Management primarily involves dietary modification, with individuals advised to limit their intake of high-fructose foods and often artificial sweeteners like sorbitol, which can exacerbate symptoms. A dietitian can help create a personalized meal plan to reduce trigger foods while ensuring adequate nutrition.