frivolous

Frivolous is an adjective used to describe something that lacks any serious purpose or value, being silly, trivial, or superficial. A frivolous remark may be light-hearted but not intended to address a substantive issue. The term can refer to activities, objects, or decisions judged as unnecessary or wasteful, often yielding little benefit beyond entertainment or momentary amusement. The noun form is frivolity, and the adverb is frivolously; the noun form frivolousness exists as well.

In legal contexts, frivolous describes a claim, defense, or appeal lacking any legal merit or rational basis, filed to harass, delay, or achieve personal gain. Many jurisdictions allow courts to sanction frivolous actions, potentially with penalties or denial of fees. Outside law, labeling something frivolous can function as critique or dismissal, but the term can be subjective and culturally influenced, varying by norms about what is considered valuable or essential. Common synonyms include trivial, petty, silly, and capricious; antonyms include serious, important, and substantial.

Usage notes: The word often carries a moral or evaluative connotation, and its appropriateness depends on context; describing a serious issue as frivolous can be controversial if it minimizes concerns. Examples: frivolous spending on luxury items; a frivolous lawsuit; a frivolous pastime such as gossip or fashion trends.

Etymology: From Old French frivole meaning foolish or worthless, ultimately from Latin frivolus.