fourfunction

Four-function refers to arithmetic systems or devices capable of performing the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In common usage, a four-function calculator is a handheld device designed to carry out only these operations, without built-in support for advanced functions such as exponents, roots, or trigonometry.

A typical four-function calculator features a numeric keypad, keys for the four operations, a decimal point, and an equals key. Many models also include memory functions (M+, M-, MR, MC) and a percent key. Some variants may offer additional capabilities or a more comfortable keypad, but they remain categorized as four-function devices when they do not provide higher-order functions such as exponentiation, logarithms, or trigonometric calculations.

History and usage: Four-function calculators began appearing in the mid-20th century and became widespread as pocket electronic devices in the 1970s. They are commonly used in education to teach basic arithmetic and in everyday tasks that require quick calculations. In the modern era, software-based calculators on smartphones and computers can replicate the four-function experience, while dedicated four-function calculators remain popular for their simplicity and reliability.

See also: Basic calculator, Arithmetic.