fotovoltaikában

Fotovoltaika, often referred to as photovoltaics or solar electricity, is a method of converting sunlight directly into electricity. This process utilizes photovoltaic cells, commonly known as solar cells, which are made from semiconductor materials, most notably silicon. When photons from sunlight strike a photovoltaic cell, they excite electrons within the semiconductor material, creating an electric current. This direct current (DC) can then be used immediately, stored in batteries, or converted into alternating current (AC) for use in homes, businesses, and the electrical grid.

The fundamental principle behind photovoltaic conversion is the photovoltaic effect, discovered by Edmond Becquerel in 1839. Modern solar cells are typically assembled into solar panels, also called solar modules, which are then grouped together to form solar arrays. These arrays can range in size from small, portable units to large, utility-scale power plants. The efficiency of solar cells, which is the percentage of sunlight they convert into electricity, has been steadily improving over the years due to advancements in materials science and manufacturing techniques. Photovoltaic technology is a key component of renewable energy strategies, offering a clean and sustainable source of power with no greenhouse gas emissions during operation.