forgógépek

Forgógépek, meaning rotating machines or turbomachines in English, refers to a class of machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid. This energy transfer can be either from the fluid to the rotor, as in turbines, or from the rotor to the fluid, as in pumps and compressors. The defining characteristic of forgógépek is the presence of a rotating component, the rotor, which interacts with the working fluid to achieve the desired energy conversion.

Turbines, a common type of forgógép, harness the kinetic or potential energy of a fluid stream to produce rotational mechanical energy. Examples include steam turbines used in power generation, wind turbines that convert wind energy into electricity, and hydraulic turbines used in hydroelectric dams. In these machines, the fluid flows through a series of blades attached to a shaft, causing the shaft to rotate.

Conversely, pumps and compressors are forgógépek that use mechanical energy from a rotating source to increase the pressure or flow rate of a fluid. Pumps are typically used for liquids, moving them from one location to another or increasing their pressure. Compressors are used for gases, increasing their pressure and often their density. Centrifugal pumps and axial compressors are well-known examples of this category. The design and operation of forgógépek are based on principles of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, with their efficiency and performance heavily influenced by factors such as blade design, flow rates, and operating pressures.