fonást

Fonás refers to the process of turning fibers into yarn by twisting. In English-language textile discourse, it is commonly called spinning. The practice is foundational to many textile traditions, enabling the conversion of short fibers, such as wool roving, cotton slivers, or flax tow, into a continuous thread suitable for weaving or knitting.

Historically, spinning emerged independently in many cultures, using simple hand-held devices such as the drop spindle or large hand-driven wheels. Variants include the great wheel, the Saxony wheel, and later, the mechanized spinning frame. Modern industry relies on serial production spinning machines, such as ring spinning and open-end systems, but artisanal fonás remains widespread in craft circles.

Techniques involve preparing fibers (carding or combing to align fibers), drafting (pulling and thinning the fiber prep), and twisting to form yarn. Plying combines two or more single threads to add strength and texture. Yarn properties—fiber type, twist level, ply count—affect eventual fabric performance.

Materials span natural fibers (wool, cotton, flax/linen, silk) and synthetic blends, each contributing unique characteristics. Spun yarn is used in weaving, knitting, crochet, and textile arts, as well as in sewing and crafts.

Today, fonás persists as a traditional craft, a hobby, and a component of textile education, valued for hands-on skill, sustainability, and cultural heritage.