fontanellojen

Fontanelles are the soft spots in the skull of an infant, typically found at the front and sides of the head. They are present in newborns and gradually close as the baby grows. There are usually four fontanelles: two anterior fontanelles (one on each side of the forehead), one posterior fontanelle (at the back of the head), and one mastoid fontanelle (behind each ear). These areas are covered by a thin layer of skin and connective tissue, allowing the underlying bones to grow and mold to the shape of the skull.

Fontanelles serve several important functions. They allow the skull to accommodate the growth of the brain, which is much larger in proportion to the skull in infants compared to adults. They also provide a degree of flexibility, protecting the brain from injury during childbirth and allowing the skull to adapt to the shape of the mother's pelvis. Additionally, fontanelles can help to regulate the baby's body temperature by allowing for slight changes in skull shape.

The anterior fontanelles are typically the largest and most prominent. They close between 6 and 18 months of age, depending on the individual baby. The posterior fontanelle usually closes between 18 months and 2 years, while the mastoid fontanelles typically close between 1 and 2 years. The closure of fontanelles is a normal part of growth and development, and any concerns about fontanelle size or shape should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Fontanelles are an important part of a newborn's anatomy, and their presence and closure are normal and expected. However, it is important to monitor fontanelle size and shape, as certain conditions such as increased intracranial pressure or metabolic disorders can cause fontanelles to remain open or to bulge. If there are any concerns about a baby's fontanelles, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and care.