flúorít

Fluorite is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, with the chemical formula CaF2. It is the mineral form of calcium fluoride. Fluorite crystallizes in a cubic lattice structure. It is typically found in hydrothermal veins, often in association with other minerals like quartz, calcite, and barite. The mineral occurs in a wide variety of colors, including purple, blue, green, yellow, and clear. These colors are often caused by impurities within the crystal lattice, such as rare earth elements or organic matter. Pure fluorite is colorless, but coloration is common.

Fluorite is known for its relative softness, with a Mohs hardness of 4, making it easily scratched by a steel knife. It exhibits perfect octahedral cleavage, meaning it breaks along specific planes in a predictable way. This mineral is also known for its fluorescence, a property that gives it its name. When exposed to ultraviolet light, fluorite can emit visible light in various colors. This characteristic has led to its use in scientific instruments, fluorescent lamps, and as a gemstone.

Historically, fluorite has been used for decorative purposes and in the production of ceramics and enamels. In more modern applications, it is a primary source of fluorine, which is used in the production of hydrofluoric acid, a crucial chemical in industries ranging from steel production to the manufacturing of refrigerants and toothpaste. Large deposits are found in various locations worldwide, including China, Mexico, and the United States.