fluoresenssiinsitu

Fluoresenssiinsitu, also known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is a molecular cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA sequences within preserved cells or tissue sections. This method allows researchers and clinicians to visualize genetic material directly in its native cellular context, providing insights into genetic composition, organization, and abnormalities.

The process involves the hybridization of fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probes to complementary sequences within chromosomal DNA or RNA. Prior to hybridization, the target cells are fixed and permeabilized to allow probe access. After the hybridization step, excess probes are washed away, and the sample is examined under a fluorescence microscope. The emitted fluorescence indicates the presence and location of the target sequences within the cell.

Fluorescessiinsitu is commonly used in clinical diagnostics for identifying chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, translocations, and gene amplifications. It plays a critical role in cancer diagnostics, genetic syndromes, and prenatal testing. In research settings, it is utilized to study gene expression patterns, chromosomal rearrangements, and genome organization at the cellular level.

The technique offers high specificity and sensitivity, making it a valuable tool for both diagnostic and research applications. Limitations include the requirement for specialized equipment and technical expertise. Advances in fluorescent probe design and imaging technology continue to enhance the resolution and multiplexing capabilities of fluorescenssiinsitu, broadening its potential applications across medical and biological sciences.