flightplanning

Flight planning is the process of preparing for a flight by determining a proposed route, altitude, speed, fuel requirements, and regulatory compliance to ensure safe, efficient, and timely operation. It integrates aircraft performance, weather, airspace, and operational constraints to produce a viable plan for execution.

Key elements of flight planning include route selection, altitude and speed planning, weight and balance, and fuel management. Planners gather current weather data (METARs, TAFs, weather maps), notices (NOTAMs), and aeronautical charts; assess winds aloft, terrain, and airspace restrictions; and compute performance data such as takeoff and landing distances, climb rates, cruise fuel burn, and reserves. They determine required fuel margins, including trip fuel, alternates, contingencies, and final reserve, and construct a navigation log or flight plan that documents route, alternates, preferred communications, and approach procedures.

Flight plans are filed with the relevant air traffic service or aviation authority, with distinctions between IFR and VFR planning. IFR planning focuses on controlled airspace and route structure, while VFR emphasizes maintaining visual separation and weather minima. During flight, plans may be updated or amended in response to new weather, airspace changes, or contingencies. After landing, the plan is closed and the record is used for post-flight analysis and regulatory compliance.

Flight planning is governed by national and international aviation regulations and standards, including ICAO guidelines, and supports safety, efficiency, and situational awareness throughout the flight.